Electrical calculating machine



Oct. 24, 1939. c. sMlTH 2,176,932

ELECTRICAL CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed May 3l, 1932 12Sheets-Sheet 3 8f INVENToR CA2, @LA n oct. 24, 1939. C, SMITH 2,176,932

ELECTR I CAL CALCULAT ING MACHINE Original'Filed May 51, 1932 l2 Sheets-Sheet 4 Get. 24, 1939. C. SMITH l 2,176,932

ELECTRICAL CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed May 51, 1932 12Sheets-Sheet 5 Iig. 5.

INVENToR v Oct. 24, 1939 c. SMITH 2,176,932

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v ..92 607t Of'f' 'l 7 STE'fP/ 'l 9 CL UTC C 0N T R01. REI-HY 77 73 5' 6Oct. 24, 1939. c. SMITH ELECTRICAL CALCULATING MACHINE Original FiledMay 51, 1932 l2 Sheets-Sheet 7 Oct. 24, 1939. -c. SMITH ELECTRICALCALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed May 3l, 1932 12 Sheets-Sheet 8 wmuwOct.-24, 1939. c. SMITH ELECTRICAL CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed`May 31, 1932 12 Sheets-Sheet 9' EN@ dang. kbdb u bsau s toku .mt l lSuk ESQ kunnen t wrt-Gui g .ESJSQ l A l i l l t Oct. 24, 1939. C, sMm-ln v 2,176,932

ELECTRICAL CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed May 31, 1932 12Sheecs-Sheaet 10 mae' Oct. 24, 1939";- c. sMlTH 2,176,932

y Y ELECTRICAL CALCULATINGMACHINE Original Filed Hay 31, 1932 12Sheets-Sheet 11 {yae E pffforlfeyr:

` 0t.'24, 1939. c Smm. l 2,116,932

ELECTRICAL CALCULATING HAHINE Original Filed lay 31, 1932 12Sheets-SheetA 12 Patented Oct. 24, 1939 UNITED STATESl PATENT OFFICEdressograph-Multigraph Corporation,

land, Ohio, a corporation of Delaware Application May 31, 1932, SerialNo. 614,411 Renewed June 19, 1939 9 Claims.

My invention relates to a complete calculating machine, electricallyselective and operative in its computations as well as in its drive. Theobjects are to eiiect additions and multiplications 6 by direct key orother settings and automatic action.

The apparatus for adding consists essentially of a series of relays,numerically arranged in pairs for each of the digits, 1, 2, 3 9,

l in each of the desired orders, units, tens, hundreds,'etc. Theenergization of a pair of relays of a given numerical value(corresponding to a key setting) locks that pair and the others of. lessvalue in the series down to the rst. From i6 these relays, through acontrol relay for each order of numbers, circuits extend to a registersystem. This includes a number wheel for each order. each wheel beingengageable with a driving shaft by a magnetic clutch. After any relay 0in a given order is energized, an associated number wheel clutch isenergized. As the wheel for any order of numbers advances one digitplace through the driving of the shaft and the holding of the clutch, itcloses and opens a contact that 25 operates to release certain oi theenergized re-` lays: and thus successively in its advance releases eachlocked relay down 'to the lowest, until with the control relay releasethe clutch is released and the number wheel stops, having ad- ;g" vancedas many numbers as the numerical lvalue of the relay which was locked atthe outset. l

Por multiplication. a similar system of locking and release of pairedrelays is provided, the relays employed in adding being utilized formulti- 3;, plicand and another system of relays being provided for themultiplier. The effect of relay 10cm in the multiplying series is tocause the addi!!! process to repeat so long as any of the relays in themultiplier series remains unreleased .m through the successiverepetitions which release one pair of multiplier relays for each roundof registration.

As multiplication proceeds from a lower to a higher order of digits inthe multiplier, the lower 4.', order of number wheel is automaticallyreleased and the multiplying process switched to thehigherordersofwheels remaining,theei!ectbeingthesameasthetofthecarriagetoahigherorderofpositionintheordinarymul- 50 tiplying machine. To makethis switching automticand immediate upon the completion ofmultiplication by a given digit-multiplier is one of the the numberwheels is-a system u ofcarry-overxelaysinwhichthecarry-over reeord isstored and by which the carry-over cumulation is applied to thediiferent number wheels in succession immediately after the completionof their original movements.

It may be observed that in the ordinary hand- 5 operated adding machinea full stroke of thel lever is required for the least addition, and inthe hand-operated multiplying machine a full turn of the crank for theleast multiplication; and that like full movements are performed in suchl0 machines electrically operated; that is, electrically operated meansis provided for actuating parts corresponding to the lever or crank. Inthe machine herein described, the number wheels are directly connectablewith and for movementby constantly rotatable parts thus diminishing thetime required for moving such wheels to the desired positions.

A selected embodiment of my invention is illus trated in theaccompanying drawings wherein,

Figure 1 shows the keys which are depressed and locked down for amountsto be added or for a multiplicand. Y

Figure 2 shows keys to be operated for a multiplier, and also controlkeys for starting, -zerosetting, error correction. and repeating, andas, soci'ated relays.

Figure 3 includes the counting and multiplier relays. y

Figure 4 shows the number wheels and order 30 switching mechanism.

Fig. 4A is a partially schematic view showing a shunting wheel with itsassociated shunting contact and a portion of an electric circuitcontrolled by said contact.

Figure 5 shows the carry-over relays.

Figures 6 to 12 are timing charts of various operations described more.fully hereinafter in that part of the speciiication wherein exemplaryoperations of the machine are explained in detail. o

Drscaxmon or 'rr-rz APPARATUS Inllig.1,threerowsofkeysnumbered lto0 ineach row are shown which are selectively pressed to set up successivenumbers in addition or subtraction or to set up a inultipliceud inmultiplication. These keys'lselectively prepare for energization of thecounting or multiplicand relays shown in the upper part of Fig. 3.

The keys shown in Fig, 1 are conventional lock down contact-closingkeys. Releasing means common to all of these keys are provided forreleasing locked down keys at the end of a computation. The locking andreleasing means includes a locking bar as 59 for each row of keys.'I'hese bars are operative to retain a depressed key in any row inlocked down position. The several bars are connected to the release bar58 by pins as 59A through slots as 59B. The bar 58 is normally held inposition to retain the bars as 59 in locking position by a spring 60 andis moved to eiiect release of locked down keys by energization of themagnet 56. Once depressed a key stays in its locked down position untilreleased by the energization of the magnet 56 or the depression ofanother key in the same row.

Each key operates a pair of contacts, one of which is 52A. One side ofeach pair of contacts associated with each key in each row is connectedto a common conductor, as 55, and these common conductors for each roware connected t0 a grounding conductor `16A which leads to one side `ofa contact associated with the starting key 16 (Fig. 2), the other sideof which contact is grounded whereby when the non-locking key 16 isdepressed the sides of the contacts connected to the common conductors,as are grounded.

The other side of each contact associated with each key shown in Fig. 1,as for example the mate to contact 52A, is respectively connected to aconductor as 52B, and these conductors, leading from said other side oflike contacts, are wired in a cable 53 which, in the drawings,terminates in Fig. 1 and reappears in Fig. 3.

Multiplier and control keys. Fig. 2

The bank of keys shown in Fig. 2 are'or the purpose of setting up amultiplier and are referred to hereinafter as the multiplier keys. Theyare arranged in three rows and are numbered 1 to 9 in each row. Whenpressed these keys eiect energization of the multiplier relays shown inthe lower part of Fig, 3. These keys are of a conventional non-lockingcontact-closing type. One side of'each pair of contacts of each key isgrounded, the other side is Wired to conductors as 84B which lead into acable 85 terminated in Fig. 2 and reappearing in Fig. 3.

IThe control key 16 is the starting key for the purpose'of setting themachine in .operation by energizing the counting relays through circuitsprepared by the closed contacts of the operated keys shown in Fig. 1.

Control keys 8 l 82 and 86 are of a conventional two contact type andone contact associated with each key is wired to ground. Keys 8| and 82have normally open contacts; key 86 has normally closed contacts.Contact 8|A of key 8l is connected through conductor SIB to devices foreffecting a zero-setting operation in the amount manifesting device orregisters shown in Fig. 4. Contact 86A of key 86 is connected throughconductor 86B with devices for grounding those multiplier relays in Fig.3 that are to be locked up. When it is desired to correct an errorarising from the pressing of one or more incorrect multiplier keys, key86 is pressed whereby contact 86A is opened and any locked up multiplierre'- lays are released, as explained more fully hereinafter. One side ofthe normally open contact associated with key 82 is connected throughconductor 82A with one winding of relay 88 which .relays (Fig. 3)

is to be energized and locked up when a repeat operation is to be formedin addition. Relay 80 locks up through a local circuit when key 82 ispressed, said key being pressed to effect a repeat operation only afterthe starting key 16 has been pressed to start the machine in operation,pressing of key 16 indirectly effecting energization of relays 11 and18, it being necessary that relay 18 be energized in order to establishthe holding circuit for relay 80.

Thus key 8| is a zero-setting key, key 82 is a repeat key for use in anadding operation, and key 86 is an error correcting key.

Key release, multiplcand and repeat addition relays. Fig. 2

Relays 11 and 18 are slow-to-release relays.

In their cycle'of operation they eiect momentary energization of therelease magnet 56 (Fig. 1) or they effect grounding of depressedmultiplicand keys of Fig; 1 in a multiplying operation or they effectgrounding of depressed keys of Fig. 1 in a repeat addition operation, aswill be explained in connection with the descriptions of theseoperations hereinafter.

Relay 11 is energized by the closing of contacts, as 1C (Fig. 3), on allenergization of the counting' effected in a manner described presently.When energized relay 11 opens contact 11B and closes contact" 11Awhereupon ground is applied to relay 18 which then energizes and closescontact 18A. Contact 18A prepares a circuit to contacts 19A or 19B andto 88E or 80D depending upon the operation to be performed; ifmultiplication, relay 19 is deenergized as at the end of a multiplyingoperation, and circuits are set up through contacts 11B, 18A, 19A,conductors 19D, and 16A, through the operated keys of Fig. 1. In anoperation when no multiplication is performed, as addition, a circuit isprepared upon the closing of contact 18A through contact 19B to contact80D and through conductor80F to magnet 56. When relay 11 is deenergizedand released by the opening of contacts as 1C at the end of an entryoperation that is under control of the counting relays shown in theupper part of Fig. 3, the contact 11B closes and grounds, whereforerelease magnet 56 is energized through the circuit including contacts18A, 18B, and 80D. The deenergization and subsequent release ofslow-to-release relay 11 also opens contact 11A which deenergizes relay18 and when this slow-to-release relay subsequently releases contact 18Ais opened whereupon circuit to magnet 56 is broken and thereupon thismagnet releases. Thus magnet 56 is only energized long enough to effectretraction of locking bars as 59- so as to release any locked down keysin Fig. 1.

If either relay'19 or relay 80 is energized at the time relay 11 isreleased as just described, circuit to -release magnet 56 is openedeither at contact 19B or 80D depending upon whichV of these two relaysis energized. Furthermore, the energization of either relay 19 or relay80 switches the circuit from contact 11B to conductor 16A so as toground this conductor with the same effect as the pressing of key 16.'I'his is to be done, however, only when multiplication is to beeffected or when a repeat operation in additionvmannertobeexplaimeilectregistration 1 will be released through conductor19C and contacts as IIX v this setting in the amount manifesting device(Fig. 3) voi the multiplier relays, which such contacts are closed uponenergization of any multiplier relays. Contacts as IIX remain closeduntil during the last operation oi a multiplying operation. Whenenergized relay 19 closes contact 19A and opens contact 19B. The openingoi contact 19B breaks the circuit to the release magnet 59. The closingof contact 19A prepares a circuit for momentarily grounding contactsassociated with locked down keys in Fig. 1 in each round ofmultiplication. However. relay 19 releases during the last operation' ofa multiplying operation whereupon contact 19A is opened and contact 19Bis closed so that the release magnet II'will be energized uponcompletion of the multiplying operation whereby locked down keys in atthe end oi such an operation.

Relay an 1s energized by the closing of the con-I an entry operationunder control of the counting relays has been started which suchstarting will be indicated to the operator by movement of the numberwheels of Fig. 4. By the time the wheels shown in Fig. 4 take motionrelay 11 as well as relay 1I will be energized. The energization ofrelay 1I closes contact 19B which prepares a circuit to contact 99C. Thepressing of key I2 after the circuit to contact IIC has been preparedresults in the energization of relay' II which closes contact IIICwhereby a stick circuit for relay II is provided from contact 1IB. Whenrelay II is deenergized contact IID is closed and circuit is establishedtherethrough as heretofore described to releasemagnet 5I. When, however,relay II is energized, contact IID is opened and contact IIE ls closedwhich prepares a circuit from contact 11B to conductor 16A so that whenArelay 11 releases at the end of a nrst entry operation and contact 11Bcloses, is grounded which effects reenergization of counting relaysrespectively vconnected with locked down keys in Fig. 1. Such release ofrelay 11, however, results in the release of relay 1I which openscontact 19B but this occurs subsequent to the closing oi contact 11B sothat relay II remains energized until after conductor 19A has beengrounded with the eect just described. But following the grounding ofconductor 1IA from-contact 11B that is occasioned by the release vofrelay 11, slow-to-release relay 1I releases by reason of the opening ofcontact 11A. Such subsequent release oi relay 1I opens contact 19B whichbreaks the stick circuit for relay II so that IIE opens and contact IIDcloses wherefore when relay 11 releas at the end of the newly initiatedentry operation and contact 11B closes,'circuit to conductor IIA will beopened at contact IIE but circuittoreleasemagnetIIwillbeclooedat`contact IID so that this closing of contact 11B eilectsaiergimtion ofrelease magnet II which resultsinthereleaseoflockeddownkeysin nl. 1. y

Counting or multiplicand and multiplier Relays. ria. 3

Twosetsoirelanareshowninl'imktbewperaetcomistingofthe'upperthreegrmearethe counting 'or-anulhplieand reim. They takeupthesettingof.-thekeysotlllg.1and,ina ot conductor 16A (Fig. 4). Thelower three groups are the multiplier relays. They are set up by themultiplier keys of Fig. 2l and effect repeated grounding oi contactsassociated with depressed keys of Fig. 1 to thereby repeatedly energizemultiplicand relays for repeated registrations in multiplyingoperations, as will later be described. Three groups of counting ormultlplicand relays and three groups of multiplier relays areillustrated, the lowermost group in each class representing the unitsorder, the middle group the tens order and the uppermost group thehundreds order. The relays in each group are arranged in a chain of tworows. The relays in the rows are paired whereby nine pairs of relaysrespectively for the digits l to 9 are provided. Each group of countingrelays also includes a cut-off and a stepping relay.

Each relay in the lower row of the three groups of .counting relays as3, 21, 29 and `3I has three windings as 2A, 3D and 3E. A conductor leadsfrom the middle winding of each of these relays to a contact associatedwith -a like positioned key in Fig. 1. For example, a conductor SIBleads from the middle winding, 3D, of the relay 3 for the digit 4 of theunits order of counting relays to the contact SIA associated with thekey 5| (Fig. 1) for the digit 4 in the units order row of keys inFig. 1. When the key 5l is depressed, the contact associated therewithis closed and the winding 3D is prepared for energization. Thisenergization is momentary and is eiected either by pressing key 1I orclosing of contact 11B when contacts 18A and 19A or 90E are closed.Relay 3 once energized locks up' through winding 3E, contact IC,conductor '9E and contact 9A of stepping relay 9 so long as contact 9Ais closed, that is to say, so long as stepping relay 9 is deenergized,but this relay, that is, the first in the chain to energize, is the rstto be released upon the energization of relay 9. Other relays in thelower rows of the three groups of counting relays are similarly preparedfor energization by the depression of the correspondingly positionedkeys in Fig. 1 and are locked` up by depression of starting key 16 orgrounding of conductor 16A from contact 11B as above described.

When a relay in the lowermost row of the three groups of counting relaysis energized and locked up, its mate positioned immediately thereabove,

` and the pairs of counting relays in the same group and of lessnumerical value are also energized and locked up. Thus when relay 3 forthe digit I in the units order is energized and locked up its mate I isenergized through contact 2B which is closed when relay 3 energizes.Energizatlon of relay i closes contact 5C which enrgizes relay 21'through winding 21A. 'I'his closes contact 21B whereby relay 29 isenergized and in like manner the remaining relays in this groupofcounting relays and of less numerical value than the nrst energizedrelay in the group are energiwd and locked up.

Energlzation of relays in the upper rows of coimting relays, as relays 5and 29. closes contactsasIBthereof. Thispreparesacircuit throughconductor 9F to contact IB of stepping relay 9 andhence when relay 9energixes to open contact 9A, contact 9B closes b efo/r 9A opens andholds relay I energized until relay 9 again deenergins.

The cut-of! relay 1 is .in addition to the pairs of counting relays. Therelay] energiz when 1l the upper relay 32 for the digit 1 in the unitsorder of counting relays isenergized, energization of relay 32 closingcontact 32C whereby relay 1 is energized through its winding 1E.Energization of relay 1 closes contact 1A to aiord a stick or holdingcircuit through conductor 9E, and contact 9A whenever relay 9 isdeenergized.

Energization of relay 1 also closes contact 1C wherebyv throughconductor 11C, relay 11 is energized; the closing of this contact alsoenergizes through conductor I9, relay I6 or like relays as I5 and 36when relays as I8 have been energized to close contacts as I8B whichcondition prevails when a multiplying operation is to be performed.

Energization of relay 1 also closes contact 1B, after the closing ofcontact 1C, whereby a circuit is closed through conductor SC, relay 9,conductor 9D to the clutch I03A of the wheel unit of the manifestingdevice that includes the number wheel |03, this being the wheel unit forthe units order. The operation of this circuit will be explained morefully hereinafter. Such closing of contact 1B energizes relay 9 wherebycontact 9B is closed and contact 9A is opened with a make-before-breakeffect for a purpose explained more fully hereinafter.

Relay 1 deenergizes during the entry of the last digit on the numberwheel I03, as will be explained more fully hereinafter, with the effectof stopping this number wheel when the entry of the digit has beencompleted, this being effected by opening of contact 1B upondeenergization of relay 1. Contact.1C also opens upon deenergization ofrelay 1 to deenergiize relays such as I6 and relay 11.

Relay 1 also includes a contact 1D which is in circuit with the contact26A of slow-to-release relay 26 and contact 'ID closes upon release ofrelay 1, whereby if similar contacts of the other cut-oir relays areclosed and the slow-to-rellease relay 26 is released, circuit is closedthrough the contact 26A to effect a carry-over operation explained morefully hereinafter. Relay 1 is the last in a chain of counting relays torelease and therefore contact 1D does not close until all of thecounting relays in the chain have been released and consequently acarry-over operation cannot be effected until all of the counting relayshave been released.

Relay 1 is energized initially through contact 32C of the upper relay ofthe No. 1 pair of counting relays and is held energized through thiscontact as long as this relay lis energized, but upon deenergization ofrelay 32 control of reiay 1 passes to contact 9A through contact 1A.

The cut-off relay 1 for the units order of the counting relays has beendescribed in detail and it is to be understood that similar cut-offrelays are associated with the counting relays for the tens and hundredsorder and that these cutoif relays control energization anddeenergization of the clutches of the number wheel units for the tensand hundreds orders. If counting relays for additional orders wereprovided as for thousands, etc., similar cut-oi relays for the countingrelays for these orders would be provided.

A stepping relay is associated with the counting relays for each orderas 35 for the hundreds order. I0 for the tens order and 9 for the unitsorder. These relays 'are for the purpose of releasing counting relays ineach digit advance of the number wheel of the connected number wheelunit. They are energized through a contact as 1B on the associatedcut-off relays as 'I as before described and are deenergized andreenergized by the movement of a shunting wheel as I03D of the numberwheel unit for the particular order as the number wheel of the unitmoves from digit to digit. shunting wheels as I03D close and openshunting contacts as I 03E during each digit advance of the associatednumber wheel. The manner in which the shunting wheels as I03D areadapted to close their associated shunting contacts is illustrated inFig. 4A. The digital positions of the number wheels respectivelyassociated with the shunting wheels are so correlated therewith thatwhen a number wheel stands centered upon a digital entry, the shuntingwheel will stand in the position for receiving the rider as I03X in adepression between two adjacent shunting-wheel lobes whereby the contactas I03E is opened as shown in Fig. 4A. As a number wheel rotates fromdigital position to digital position a lobe of the associated shuntingwheel as I03D will pass under the rider as I03X each time the numberwheel moves from one digital position to the next, the contact as I03Ebeing thus closed shortly after the number wheel is moved from a digitalposition and is permitted to open shortly prior to the number wheelreaching the succeeding digital position toward which it is being moved.

Referring particularly to the stepping relay 9 which is typical of allthe stepping relays, it is provided with, as before indicated,make-beforebreak contacts SA and 9B. Referring also to the heretoforedescribed energization of relay 3 and associated relays of lower value,the first energization of relay 9 by the closing of contact 1B closescontact 9B and opens contact 9A. Opening of contact 0A frees conductor9E from ground whereupon relay 3 is released through contact 3C.

Contact 9B grounded conductor 9F before ground was removed fromconductor 8E. As explained, contact 5B of relay 5 is connected toconductor 9F and prepares a stick or holding circuit through winding 5Aof-relay 5. Hence when conductor. 9F is grounded relay 5 is heldenergized through contact 9B notwithstanding the deenergization of relay3 and opening of contact 3B.

During the entry of the rst digit on the number wheel |03 the shuntingwheel II|3D closes contact |03E whereby conductor 9D is grounded betweenrelay 9 and the source of battery for this relay. Such source of batteryis at the left-hand armature of relay |01 of Fig. 4, and so long asrelay I01 is unenergized the circuit from this battery is traceablethrough contact I01B of relay I 01, contact 106A of relay |06, conductorIliB, clutch I03A, conductor IOIA, contact IOI, switch arm II5,conductor 9D, stepping relay 9 of Fig; 3, conductor SC and throughcontact 1B of cut-off relay IA to ground. The closing of shuntingcontact I03E by one of the lobes on shunting wheel I03D extends groundat contact IIIH of unenergized relay M8, and through such closedshunting contact to conductor IIIA thereby simply suppleinenting theground at contact 1B of cut-olf relay I so far as concerns nergizationof the clutch I03A so this clutch remains energized causing con.- tinuedrotatioa of the number Wheel I03"-and its associated parts including theshuntingg, wheel I63D. Such application of ground through shuntingcontact I03E to conductor IIIA does, however, eiect the shunting out ofStepping relayI 9 since this relay will then be impressed with groundpotential upon both sides. Thus the closing of shunting contact I 03Eshunts out and causes deenergization of stepping lrelay 9 which then l yleased, but its mate relay 28 remains energized number wheel |08,shunting wheel I03D opens contact |08E freeing conductor 9D from groundbetween the relay 9 and 4its source of battery whereupon relay 9reenergizes closing contact 9B and opening contact 9A whereby relay 21is rethrough contact 9B in the same way as relay 5 remained energizedsubsequent to the release of relay 8. Relay 28 remains energized untilconductor 9D is again grounded between relay 9 and its source of batteryat a time during the entry of the second digit on the number wheelv |03corresponding to the time during the entry of the first digitwhenshunting wheel I03D closed contact I08E grounding conductor 9D. Thisgrounding of conductor 9D during the entry of the second and held relay21.

digit has the effect of releasing relay 28 and holdlng relay 29 in thesame manner as that in which' the prior deenergization of relay 9released relay 5 Prior to the time the entry of the second digit on thenumber wheel |03 is com- 'order'. which occurs when the last digit isfully.

pleted the shunting wheel I03D opens contact |08E whereby relay 9energizes and opens contact 9A and closes contact 9B whereupon relay 29is released but relay 30 is held.

' The foregoing operation continues releasing the counting relays in themanner described until during the entry of the last or fourth digit onthe number wheel |03 when the shunting wheel I03D closes the contact|03E with the effect of releasing relay 32. This, however, does notrelease the cutoff relay 1 which is held through the closed contact 8A.However, just prior to the time the entry of the last digit onthe numberwheel |03 is completed the shunting wheel I03D opens contact I 03Efreeing conductor 9D from ground between relay 8 and its source ofbattery whereupon relay 9 reenergizes. This opens contact 9A whereuponrelay 1 releases. and then relay 9 and clutch I03A release because ofrelay 1 opens contact 1B which is the source of ground for relay 9 andclutch |03A. This releasing of the clutch occurs at. the time theentryof the last digit on the number wheel |03 is completed. y

In the manner above described the counting 'relays for the tens andhundreds and additional orders cause digits to be entered on the numberwheel for these orders.

Thus since pairs of vcounting or multiplicand ,relays corresponding innumber to the number tobe entered in a particular order are locked upand as these relays are successively released in declining sequence asthe digits are entered on the number wheel for the order in ascendingsequence, and .as the release of the upper relay of the last orlowermost pair of counting or multiplicand relays is followed by therelease of the cut-oil relay for the order during the entry of the lastdigit and as this is'immediately followed by the release of the clutchof the number wheel for the particular entered on the number wheel, adigit corresponding to the number of locked up pairs of counting ormultiplicand relays in a particular order is entered on the number wheelfor the order.

The multiplier relays are arranged and act in the same manner as thecounting relays except that they are not provided with cut-off relaysand the relays I6, I5 and 36 at the left hand end of the chains thereofserve as stepping relays. Furthermore, the upper relay of the No. 1 pairof relays for each order, as I1, is provided with special contacts asI1B, I1X and I1D and all multiplier relays have but two windings.

The multiplier relays are energized by momentarily closing the contactsassociated with the multiplier keys shown in Fig. 2 which is effected bymomentarily depressing one of the keys. There is a key for each pair ofmultiplier relays and, as

with the keys of Figs. 1 and the counting relays, the contact associatedwith each multiplier key in Fig, 2 is respectively connected to acorrespondingly positioned relay in the groups of multiplier relays ofFig. 3.

One side of the contact 84A associated with the key 8l has a wire 84Bconnected thereto and the wire 84B and similar wires from the contactsassociated with the contacts of the other multiplier keys are wound in acable 85 which terminates in Fig. 2 but reappears in Fig. 3. Thewire84B, as shown in Fig. 3, is connected to the right hand winding of therelay I4, the lowermost relay of the pair of relays for the digit 3 inthe units order. Thus when key 84 is depressed relay I4 is energized andas with the counting relays this eiects energization of the relay 2|,the other relay of the No. 3 pair of multiplier relays. Energization ofrelay 2| in turn effects energization of relay 22 which in turn effectsenergization of relay 23, and this in turn eiects energization of relay24 which in turn effects energization of relay I8. As the foregoingrelays energize they are locked up through stick or holding circuitscontrolled by make-before-break contacts ISA and I8B associated with therelay I6. Thus when a pair of multiplier relays is energized all relaysof lower value in the same order are also energized.

The foregoing specic description lparticularly relates to the multiplierrelays for the units order but the multiplier relays for thetens andhundreds orders, and any additional orders if provided for, are arrangedand operated in like manner.

The lowermost group of multiplier relays is for the units order, themiddle group for the tens order and lthe upper group for the hundreds.These relays become eiective one group at a time, the units first. Eachgroup of multiplier relays includes a control relay as I6 for the units,I5 for the tens and 36 for the hundreds. Relays as I6 are prepared forenergization by the closing oi contacts as I8B upon the energization ofrelays as I8 which are the last of the group to deenergize. Relays as I6are energized from con- .tacts as1C through conductors I8F and I9 andrelay I8 is deenergized. The control relays as I6,v i

I5 and 38 are energized by the iirst of contacts as 1C to close and aredeenergiz'ed by the last of contacts as 1C to open. This energizationand deenergization iseffected once for each time a' number set -up inthe multiplicand relays by the multiplicand keys of Fig. l is to beentered in/ the amount manifesting device, that is to say, on the numberwheels and the number oftimes such a number in the multiplicand relaysis to be entered depends upon the number of multiplier relays that arelocked up and the order in which such multiplier relays are so lockedup. The multiplier relays are released by make-before-break contacts asISA and I6B and they release a pair at a time for eachy digit inthemultiplier in the manner above described/Mor the counting relays, relaysas I6 functioning in the manner of stepping relays as 9. l

Thus if a number has been set up in the multiplicand relays and if, forexample, this number is to be multiplied by 3, the key 84 is depressedenergizing the relay I4 and its mate and all other relays in the groupof lower numerical value in the units order of the multiplier relays.When the first entry of the number set up in the counting relays iscompleted the relays I4 and 2| will have been released; when the secondentry of the number set up in the counting relays is completed therelays 22 and 23 Willhave been released; when the third or final entryof the number is completed the relays 24 and I8 will have been released.A

The multiplier relays in the other orders and the multiplier relays fororders higher than the.

-contact I8C which transfers the circuit from contacts as 'IC andconductor I 8F to conductor I'IF and contact I1B to the control relay I5for the tens order. Thus the control relay for the tens order will notbe energized until the control relay for the units order is deenergizedfor contact |8C does not close until relay I8'releases and this openscontact I8B which disables relay I6. Therefore all multiplication bymultiplier relays to be effected in the units order is completed beforemultiplication by multiplier relays in the tens order is begun, and thisis also true insofar as the tens and hundredsand any higher orders areconcerned, that is to say, multiplication under control of themultiplier relays ofa lower order is always completed beforemultiplication under control of the multiplier relays for a higher orderis begun.

In event there is to be no multiplication under control ofmultiplier'relays for the units order contact I8B will be opened and thecircuit will be immediately 'closed through contact I 8C to 'the tensorder and so on from the tens order to the hundreds order and for anyhigher orders.

Moreover, if multiplication is to be effected, for

example, first under control of multiplier relays for the units orderand next by multiplier relays for the hundreds order as when nomultiplier relays for the tens order are locked up, the .contact IIBwill be opened and the contact I'IC will be closed so that when thecontact I8B opens and the contact I8C closes circuit will be immediatelytransferred to the hundreds order.

The energization of relays as I8 closes contacts Y as |8X whereuponrelay I9 is energized by reason of the grounding of conductor 19C.Energizationof relay 'I9 closes contact 19A `and opens contact 19Bwhich, as stated, breaks circuit to the releasing magnet 56 and preparesa circuit for momentarilygrounding conductor 16A on all repeated entriesof the numbers set up in the multiplicand relays after the first entry.It will be seen that energization of relay 'I9 is under control of thelowermost relay of the multiplier relays for the various orders, andtherefore when the lowermost relay of the highest order havingmultiplier relays locked up therein deenergizes the relay 'I9 releases,closing contact 19B, Slowto-release relays I'I and 18 will be energizedat this time but when relay 'I1 releases, contact 'IIB closes groundingcontacts 18A, 19B and 80D and conductor 80F to energize release magnet56 whereupon locked down keys of Fig. l are released. Relay 18 next;releases to open contact 18A whereby magnet 56 is deenergized.

When relays as I8 release, contacts as |8D ground conductors as I8E(Fig. 3) and conductor ISE (Fig. 4), contact III, wiper |I2, conductor IIZA and relay |01, battery being subsequently supplied to this relaythrough conductor |ID (Fig. 4), conductor IUID (Fig. 3) ,'and contactsas |C associated with control relays for the tens and higher orders.Therefore closing of contacts as I5C energizes relay I|I`I which has theeffect of setting shaft II4 of the order' switching mechanism in motionby grounding of clutch I I3 from contact III'IA. The effect of movementof the shaft ||4 is to shift wipers as |I2 to advance the multiplyingaction to a higher order.

Relays I6, I5 and 36 have contacts as I 6D which control energization ofthe carry-over control slow-to-release relay 26, which relay delaysentry of any carry-overs until all multiplication under control ofmultiplier relays is completed.

Order switching mechanism. Fig. 4

In Fig. 4 I have conventionally illustrated a motor |29 and have shownshafts and gears I29A and I29B for imparting rotation to the severalshafts shown in Fig. 4.

The shaft ||4 is part of a switch generally indicated by |30 forshifting the operating circuits of the multiplicand relays (Fig. 3) froma lower order to a higher order of number wheels as multiplicationadvances from lower lto higher orders of multipliers and also forreturning the apparatus to initial or units order position during azero-setting operation. The shaft I|4 is driven by the clutch II3 undercontrol of relay |01 in a multiplying operation and under control of cam|I4B, contact |28, conductor |28A and contact I IISG of zero-settingrelay |08 in a zero-setting operation. In each movement of shaft ||4 toshift wipers as |I2 from one contact to the next higher contact, thetoothed wheel` IHC closes contact I MA to energize slow-to-release relay|06. Energization of relay |86 prevents energization of clutches as |03Aduring movement of the shaft II4 inasmuch as circuit to battery throughcontact |0`IB is opened by the energization of relay 106 opening contact|06A.

Shaft I4 carries a wiper I I2 for setting up one legA of a circuit toadvance the shaft from one step to the next and it also carries wipers|I5,

' I I6 and III for advancing the operating circuits normal position isconnected through contact IOI,

and conductor I IA to clutch I03A of the number wheel for the unitsorder; in its second position through contact I I0, and conductor I02Ato clutch IMA of the number wheel for the tens order; and in its thirdposition through a contact and conductor with the clutch |A of thehundreds order. l

`When the wiper I|5 is connected to the clutch I03A of the units order,the wiper IIS is connected to the clutch IMA for the tens order and thewiper I I1 to'the clutch I05A for the hundreds order. These wipersremain in these normal positions for'a multiplication eiected by lockedup multiplier relays in the units order and during addition. When,however, multiplication is to be effected by locked up multiplier relaysin the tens order, the wipers engage their respective second contactsand similarly the wipers engage their respective third contacts whenmultiplication is to be eiected by locked up multiplier relays in thehundreds order and if additional orders were provided for, the wiperswould successively advance in this' manner.

Wiper I|2 controls shifting of the shaft I|4 and the contacts IIIA, etc.with which it. cooperates are so sized that wiper I2 makes contact with`contact IIIA before its engagement with contact ||I is broken and so onas it progresses upwardly through the various orders. This is for thepurpose of insuring a full step of the shaft I I4 on each movement andit also provides for movement of the shaft through the tens Orderwithout stopping in event no multiplier relays in the tens order arelocked up but multiplier relays in the units order and hundreds orderare locked up. When this condition occurs and coptact IIIA will begrounded as well as the contact III and hence the relay |01 will remainenergized with the effect of vkeeping contact |0`|A closed which holdsground on the clutch |I3 to maintain energization thereof. Similarly ifa thousands order were provided for, the wiper I I2 would continueon'through the hundreds lorder in event no multiplication was to beperformed under control of multiplier relays locked up in the hundredsorder and this would be equally true of other higher ordersif provisionwere made therefor.

Zero-setting mechanism. Fig. 4

Relay |03 is the zero-setting relay. It is energlzed by momentarydepression of key 0I (Fig. 2)

which results in closing contact 0IA to supply ground through the lefthand winding IO0Aof relay |00. Once energized relay |00 remainsenergiaed through winding |00B, contact "0C, contact |001', andzero-setting. contacts as |03C). The zero-setting contacts as |03C areundercontrol of zero-setting wheels as |033 associated with each numberwheel unit. So long as any number wheel is oiI its zero position thezero-setting wheel of the unit maintains the zero-setting contactassociated therewith-closed and conversely when each number wheelreaches zero the zero-setting wheel associated therewith permits openingof its aero-setting contact. Referring .particularly to'zero-settingcontact |03C which is closed when Athe number wheel |03 is oil? zero andwhich is and |0`|B to battery. This circuit which energizes the clutch|03A, and which is effective as a holding circuit for zero-setting relay|08, will remain'closed until broken by the opening of contact |03C whennumber wheel approaches zero and at such time as will cause the clutch|03A to deenergize and release the number wheel |03 from the shaft |32when said number wheel reaches zero. During reset operation veach of thezero-setting contacts as |03C is operative as above described, so longas its related number wheel is off zero, to provide a holding circuitobtaining battery at relay Contact |01B for holding zerosetting relay|00 energized, but when the last number wheel attains zero position thelast of the zero-setting contacts is opened which frees winding |08B ofbattery and this results in releasing of relay |08.

Relay |00 includes a contact |08H which is opened when relay |08 isenergized and this prevents grounding of contacts as |03G and |03Eduring a zero-setting operation, the utility of contacts as I03G beingexplained more fully presently.

When relay |08 is energized ground is applied to the clutches of thenumber wheel units which thereupon energize, if the number wheel thereofis off zero position, and this returns the number wheels to zeroposition, as will be explained more fully hereinafter.

Number wheel um'ts. Fig. 4

Heretofore reference has been made -to the number wheel units whichtogether constitute the amount manifesting device, that is to say, theresults of computations are registered on these wheels.

Each wheel unit is made up of a number wheel as |03, a zero-settingwheel as |03B with which contacts as |03C cooperate, a shunting wheel as|03D with which contacts as I03E cooperate, a carry-over contact closingwheelas 'I03F with which contacts as |03G cooperate, and a clutch as|03A. The several wheels Iof each unit and the female portion of theclutch are rotatably mount` ed on the shaft |32; the male portion of theclutch is attached to the shaft; and the magnetic field of the clutch isstationary. When the field is energized the maleand female portions areengaged whereby the wheel unit is connected to and rotates with theshaft |32.

The zero-setting wheels as |03B and the contacts as |03C which cooperatetherewith are effective in a zero-setting operation. The wheel has adrop therein at zero position and a dwell on opposite sides of the dropor notch so that as long as the number wheel is off' zero -position therider of the associated contact is disposed out of the notch whereby thecontact is closed. When, however, the wheel attains zero position therider passes into the notch and the contact is opened which breaks acircuit tothe clutch and stops thewheel unit in zero position.

The shunting wheels as 103D are equipped with a lobe between each digitposition of the associated number wheel. A rider on the contacts as|03E, which cooperate with these wheels, rides up and down on each lobeduring each digit advance of the numbert wheel whereby the contacts asI03E are closed and opened for each digital advance of theassociatednumber wheel.

The contacts I03E close to shunt out stepping relays as 9 on eachdigital movement of the associatedf number wheel. AThese contacts (asINE) are grounded through contact INH when 'lov the zero-setting relay|08 is deenergized. Since tion closing and opening of contacts as |03Eduring such an operation is without effect. These contacts shunt out thestepping relays as 9 by grounding conductors as 9D. The conductors as 9Dare the battery conductors for the stepping relays as 9, ground forthese relays being found at the contacts as 1B of the cut-off relays.Thus, when contacts |03E open shortly after the closing thereof batteryis again supplied to stepping relaysv as 9.

Referring particularly to the stepping relay for the units order ofcounting relays which is typical of all other stepping relays andcircuits thereof,

relay 9 is grounded through conductor 9C and contact 1B upon closing ofsaid contact 1B. Battery is supplied to said relay through conductor 9D,wiper H5, contact |0I, conductor |0|A, clutch |03A, conductor |06B,which is common to all of the clutches. associated with the number Wheelunits of the manifesting device. Conductor |06B leads to contact |06A ofrelay |06 which in turn is connected with contact |01B `of relay |01,

' which contact |01B is closed as long as relay |01 is deenergized andit is connected to battery.

Contacts as |03E are connected to conductors as ||A intermediatecontacts as |0l and clutches as |03A. Therefore when contacts as |03Eare closed, ground is maintained on the clutch |03A which thereforeremains energized but the effect of closing contact |03E is to shunt outbattery to stepping relay as 9 inasmuch as two grounds and no batteryare applied to this relay. Hence it is the closing and openingofcontacts as |03E which effects the alternate deenergization andenergization of stepping relays as 9 during the time a number set up inthe counting relays is 1 being registered on the number wheels, thesecontacts effecting this alternate deenergization andl energization ofthe stepping relays as 9 in the manner and at the time heretoforeexplained.

Each wheel unit includes a carry-over contactclosing wheel as |03F whichis equipped with a lobe |03J engageable with a rider of contacts as|03G. These lobes are positioned to effect closing of contacts as |03Gduring passage of a number Wheel from 9 to 0 during advance thereof in aregistering operation which is indicative that, during addition ormultiplication, a carry-over is to be made to the next higher order.Closing of contacts as'l03G energizes relays as |09 and ||0 for thepurpose of entering a carry in the carryover device, as explained morefully hereinafter,

` whenever a carryover is required. f

Contacts |03G and |04G associated with the carry-over contact-closingwheels of the wheel units for units and tens orders are grounded throughcontact |08H as long as relay |08 is deenergized. 'I'hus whenever thecontact I 08H is' closed and lobes as I03J close contacts as |03G,relays |09 and ||0 for the units are grounded whereupon they energize.Relays |33 and |34 for the tens are respectively identical with therelays |09 and ||0 and are energized upon closing of the contact v|04Gr.Contact'IUBH is open during a zero-setting operation and thereforeclosing of contact I03G or |04G during a zero- 4setting operation iswithout effect.

Associated with the number wheel units for those orders into which acarry-over may be made are carry-over entering devices. In'the presentarrangement where the lowest order represented is'units, and tens andhundreds orders are also provided for, a carry-over may be required fromunits to tens or` from tens to hundreds. Thusa gear |23 is rigidlyconnected to the number wheel |04 and this gear meshes with a gear |22rotatable on the shaft |21 and connected to part |22A of clutch |2|A,which part is rotatable on shaft |21.

A shunting wheel |2| is connected to the part |2| B of clutch |2| A andthis part and wheel are rotatable on lshaft 21. The shunting wheel |2|is identical with the shunting wheel 03D, and is equipped with a lobebetween each digit position of the number wheel |04. The gears |22 and|23 have a one-to-one ratio whereby the shunting wheel |2| moves insynchronism with the number wheel |04. Clutch |2|A also includes a part|22B fast on shaft |21. When clutch |2|A is energized, parts |2|B and|22A are connected with part 22B whereby the gear |22 and shunting wheel|2| rotate with shaft |21. Shafts |21 and |32 operate synchronously sothat rotation of shaft |21 is in direct timed relation with rotation ofshaft |32. The manner in which the unit including shunting wheel |2|operates is explained more fully hereinafter.

A carry-over entering device identical with that just described isassociated with the wheel unit for the hundreds order, gears |26 and |25being provided which are identical respectively with the gears |23 and22. A shunting wheel |24 is provided which is identical with theshunting wheel 2|, and clutch |24A includes three parts that areconnected to the elements of the unit in the manner in which the threeparts of clutch |2|A are connected to the elements of that unit.Identical carry-over entering devices would be provided for any higherorders provided for in the device.

Carry-over relays. Fig.

The relays shown in Fig. 5 are for the purpose of effecting a carry-overfrom one order to the next higher order. Two groups of relays areprovided, each consisting of two rows of relays-one relay in each rowconstituting one of a pair and each pair is for the purpose of effectingthe carryover of a single carry. 'Ihe lowermost group is for the purposeof effecting a carry-over from the units order into the tens order andthe upperl most group is for the purpose of effecting a carry vconnected, that is to say, such additional pairs of relays would merelybe a duplication of those illustrated.

Carries are taken up for the respective orders cumulatively. Thus in amultiplying operation more than one carry from the units order to thetens order may be required and the first carry locks up the first pairof relays, the second carry locks up the second pair of relays and soon, and

this is also true of carries from the tens order into the hundredsorder.

A carry entered in the carry-over relays is stored therein until the endof the operation during which the carry is entered in the relays andthis is effected by locking up the pair of relays in which a carry isentered.

